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                <h3 id="01-理解vue-router"><a href="#01-理解vue-router" class="headerlink" title="01_理解vue-router"></a>01_理解vue-router</h3><h6 id="1、vue-router的理解"><a href="#1、vue-router的理解" class="headerlink" title="1、vue-router的理解"></a>1、vue-router的理解</h6><ul>
<li>vue的一个插件库，专门用来实现SPA应用</li>
</ul>
<h6 id="2、对SPA应用的理解"><a href="#2、对SPA应用的理解" class="headerlink" title="2、对SPA应用的理解"></a>2、对SPA应用的理解</h6><ul>
<li>单页Web应用  （Single Page Web Application， SPA）</li>
<li>整个应用只有一个完整的页面</li>
<li>点击页面中的导航链接不会刷新页面，只会做页面的局部更新</li>
<li>数据需要通过 ajax 请求获取</li>
</ul>
<h6 id="3、路由的理解"><a href="#3、路由的理解" class="headerlink" title="3、路由的理解"></a>3、路由的理解</h6><ul>
<li>什么是路由？<ol>
<li>一个路由就是一组映射关系（key-value）</li>
<li>key 为路径，value可能时function或component</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>路由分类<ol>
<li>后端路由：<ul>
<li>理解：value 是 function， 用于处理客户端提交的请求</li>
<li>工作过程：服务器接受到一个请求时，根据请求路径找到匹配的函数来处理请求，返回响应数据</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>前端路由：<ul>
<li>理解：value 是 component，用于展示页面内容</li>
<li>工作过程：当浏览器的路径改变时，对应的组件就会显示</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="02-路由的基本使用"><a href="#02-路由的基本使用" class="headerlink" title="02_路由的基本使用"></a>02_路由的基本使用</h3><h6 id="1、路由"><a href="#1、路由" class="headerlink" title="1、路由"></a>1、路由</h6><ol>
<li>理解：一个路由（route）就是一组映射关系（key-value），多个路由需要路由器（router）进行管理</li>
<li>前端路由：key是路径，value是组件</li>
</ol>
<h6 id="2、基本使用"><a href="#2、基本使用" class="headerlink" title="2、基本使用"></a>2、基本使用</h6><ol>
<li><p>安装vue-router，命令:<code>npm i vue-router</code></p>
</li>
<li><p>应用插件：<code>Vue.use(VueRouter)</code></p>
</li>
<li><p>编写router配置项</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 引入VueRouter</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> VueRouter <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">&#x27;vue-router&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 引入路由组件</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> About <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">&#x27;../components/About.vue&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> Home <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">&#x27;../components/Home.vue&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 创建router实例对象，去管理一组一组路由规则</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> router = <span class="keyword">new</span> VueRouter(&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">routes</span>:[</span><br><span class="line">        &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attr">path</span>:<span class="string">&#x27;/about&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attr">component</span>:About</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">        &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attr">path</span>:<span class="string">&#x27;/home&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attr">component</span>:Home</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">    ]</span><br><span class="line">&#125;)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//暴露router</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> <span class="keyword">default</span> router</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>实现切换（active-class可配置高亮样式）</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&lt;router-link active-<span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span></span>=<span class="string">&quot;active&quot;</span> to=<span class="string">&quot;/about&quot;</span>&gt;About&lt;/router-link&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>指定展示位置</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&lt;router-view&gt;&lt;/router-view&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ol>
<h3 id="03-几个注意点"><a href="#03-几个注意点" class="headerlink" title="03_几个注意点"></a>03_几个注意点</h3><ul>
<li><h6 id="几个注意点"><a href="#几个注意点" class="headerlink" title="几个注意点"></a>几个注意点</h6><ol>
<li>路由组件通常存放在pages文件夹，一般组件通常存放在components文件夹</li>
<li>通过切换，”隐藏”了路由组件，默认是销毁的，需要的时候再去挂载</li>
<li>每个组件都有自己的$route属性，里面存储着自己的路由信息</li>
<li>整个应用只有一个router，可以通过组件的$router属性获取到</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="04-多级路由"><a href="#04-多级路由" class="headerlink" title="04_多级路由"></a>04_多级路由</h3><h6 id="1、配置路由规则，使用children配置项"><a href="#1、配置路由规则，使用children配置项" class="headerlink" title="1、配置路由规则，使用children配置项"></a>1、配置路由规则，使用children配置项</h6><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">routes:[</span><br><span class="line">        &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attr">path</span>:<span class="string">&#x27;/about&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attr">component</span>:About</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">        &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attr">path</span>:<span class="string">&#x27;/home&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attr">component</span>:Home,</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attr">children</span>:[ <span class="comment">//通过children配置子级路由</span></span><br><span class="line">                &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="attr">path</span>:<span class="string">&#x27;news&#x27;</span>, <span class="comment">//此处一定不要写：/news</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="attr">component</span>:News</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;,message</span><br><span class="line">                &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="attr">path</span>:<span class="string">&#x27;message&#x27;</span>, <span class="comment">//此处一定不要写：/message</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="attr">component</span>:Message</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            ]</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">    ]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h6 id="2、跳转（要写完整路径）："><a href="#2、跳转（要写完整路径）：" class="headerlink" title="2、跳转（要写完整路径）："></a>2、跳转（要写完整路径）：</h6><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&lt;router-link to=<span class="string">&quot;/home/news&quot;</span>&gt;News&lt;/router-link&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h3 id="05-路由的query参数"><a href="#05-路由的query参数" class="headerlink" title="05_路由的query参数"></a>05_路由的query参数</h3><h6 id="1、传递参数"><a href="#1、传递参数" class="headerlink" title="1、传递参数"></a>1、传递参数</h6><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//跳转并携带query参数，to的字符串写法</span></span><br><span class="line">&lt;router-link :to=<span class="string">&quot;home/message/detail?id=666&amp;title=你好&quot;</span>&gt;跳转&lt;/router-link&gt;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//跳转并携带query参数，to的对象写法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="xml"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">router-link</span> </span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">     <span class="attr">:to</span>=<span class="string">&quot;&#123;</span></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">          path:&#x27;/home.message/detail&#x27;,</span></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">          query:&#123;</span></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">              id:666,</span></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">              title:&#x27;你好&#x27;</span></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">          &#125;</span></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">      &#125;&quot;</span></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">&gt;</span>跳转<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">router-link</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line">    </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h6 id="2、接收参数"><a href="#2、接收参数" class="headerlink" title="2、接收参数"></a>2、接收参数</h6><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$route.query.id</span><br><span class="line">$route.query.title</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


<h3 id="06-命名路由"><a href="#06-命名路由" class="headerlink" title="06_命名路由"></a>06_命名路由</h3><p>1、作用：可以简化路由的跳转</p>
<p>2、如何使用</p>
<ol>
<li><p>给路由命名：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> VueRouter <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">&#x27;vue-router&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> Home <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">&#x27;../pages/Home.vue&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> About <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">&#x27;../pages/About.vue&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> Detail <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">&#x27;../pages/Detail.vue&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> <span class="keyword">default</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> VueRouter(&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">routes</span>:[</span><br><span class="line">        &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attr">path</span>:<span class="string">&#x27;/home&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attr">component</span>:Home</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">        &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attr">path</span>:<span class="string">&#x27;/about&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attr">compoent</span>:About</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attr">children</span>:[</span><br><span class="line">                 &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="attr">name</span>:<span class="string">&#x27;guanyu&#x27;</span>  <span class="comment">//给路由命名</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="attr">path</span>:<span class="string">&#x27;detail&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="attr">component</span>:Detail</span><br><span class="line">                 &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            ]</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    ]</span><br><span class="line">&#125;)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>简化跳转：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//简化前,需要写完整的路径</span></span><br><span class="line">&lt;router-link to=<span class="string">&quot;/about/detail&quot;</span>&gt;跳转&lt;/router-link&gt;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//简化后，直接通过名字跳转</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="xml"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">router-link</span> <span class="attr">:to</span>=<span class="string">&quot;&#123;name:&#x27;guanyu&#x27;&#125;&quot;</span>&gt;</span>跳转<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">router-link</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//简化写法配合传递参数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="xml"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">router-link</span></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">    <span class="attr">:to</span>=<span class="string">&quot;&#123;</span></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">       name:&#x27;guanyu&#x27;,</span></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">       query:&#123;</span></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">           id:666,</span></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">           title:&#x27;你好&#x27;</span></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">       &#125;</span></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">    &#125;&quot;</span></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">router-link</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ol>
<h3 id="07-路由的params参数"><a href="#07-路由的params参数" class="headerlink" title="07_路由的params参数"></a>07_路由的params参数</h3><h6 id="1、配置路由，声明接收params参数"><a href="#1、配置路由，声明接收params参数" class="headerlink" title="1、配置路由，声明接收params参数"></a>1、配置路由，声明接收params参数</h6><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> VueRouter <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">&#x27;vue-router&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> Home <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">&#x27;../pages/Home.vue&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> About <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">&#x27;../pages/About.vue&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> Detail <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">&#x27;../pages/Detail.vue&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> <span class="keyword">default</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> VueRouter(&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">routes</span>:[</span><br><span class="line">        &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attr">path</span>:<span class="string">&#x27;/home&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attr">component</span>:Home</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">        &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attr">path</span>:<span class="string">&#x27;/about&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attr">compoent</span>:About</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attr">children</span>:[</span><br><span class="line">                 &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="attr">name</span>:<span class="string">&#x27;guanyu&#x27;</span>  </span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="attr">path</span>:<span class="string">&#x27;detail/:id/:title&#x27;</span>, <span class="comment">//使用占位符声明接收params参数</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="attr">component</span>:Detail</span><br><span class="line">                 &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            ]</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    ]</span><br><span class="line">&#125;)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h6 id="2、传递参数"><a href="#2、传递参数" class="headerlink" title="2、传递参数"></a>2、传递参数</h6><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//跳转并携带params参数，to的字符串写法</span></span><br><span class="line">&lt;router-link :to=<span class="string">&quot;/about/detail/666/你好&quot;</span>&gt;跳转&lt;/router-link&gt;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//跳转并携带params参数，to的对象写法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="xml"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">router-link</span></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">    <span class="attr">:to</span>=<span class="string">&quot;&#123;</span></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">        name:&#x27;guanyu&#x27;,</span></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">        params:&#123;</span></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">            id:666,</span></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">            title:&#x27;你好&#x27;</span></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">        &#125;</span></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">    &#125;&quot;</span></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">&gt;</span>跳转<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">router-link</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h6 id="3、特别注意："><a href="#3、特别注意：" class="headerlink" title="3、特别注意："></a>3、特别注意：</h6><ul>
<li>路由携带params参数时，若使用to的对象写法，则不能使用path配置项，必须使用name配置</li>
</ul>
<h6 id="4、接收参数"><a href="#4、接收参数" class="headerlink" title="4、接收参数"></a>4、接收参数</h6><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$route.params.id</span><br><span class="line">$route.params.title</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h3 id="08-路由的props配置"><a href="#08-路由的props配置" class="headerlink" title="08_路由的props配置"></a>08_路由的props配置</h3><p>作用：让路由组件更方便的收到参数</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">name</span>:<span class="string">&#x27;xiangqing&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">path</span>:<span class="string">&#x27;detail/:id&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">component</span>:Detail,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//第一种写法：props值为对象，该对象中所有的key-value的组合最终都会通过props传给Detail组件</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//props:&#123;a:900&#125;,</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//第二种写法：props值为布尔值，则把路由收到的所有params参数通过params传给Detail组件</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//props:true,</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//（推荐）第三种写法：props值为函数，该函数返回的对象中每一组key-value都会通过props传给Detail组件</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="title">props</span>(<span class="params">$route</span>)</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attr">id</span>:$route.query.id,</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attr">title</span>:$route.query.title</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="09-router-link的replace属性"><a href="#09-router-link的replace属性" class="headerlink" title="09_router-link的replace属性"></a>09_router-link的replace属性</h3><p>1、作用：控制路由跳转时操作浏览器历史记录的模式</p>
<p>2、浏览器的历史记录有两种写入方式：分别为push和replace，push是追加历史记录，replace是替换当前记录，路由跳转时候默认为push</p>
<p>3、如何开启replace模式：<code>&lt;reouter-link replaec.....&gt;news&lt;/router-link&gt;</code></p>
<h3 id="10-编程式路由导航"><a href="#10-编程式路由导航" class="headerlink" title="10_编程式路由导航"></a>10_编程式路由导航</h3><p>1、作用：不借助<code>&lt;router-link&gt;</code>实现路由跳转，让路由跳转更加灵活</p>
<p>2、具体编码：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//$router的两个API</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">this</span>.$router.push(&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">name</span>:<span class="string">&#x27;xiangqing&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">params</span>:&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">id</span>:xxx,</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">title</span>:xxx</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">this</span>.$router.replace(&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">name</span>:<span class="string">&#x27;xiangqing&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">params</span>:&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">id</span>:xxx,</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">title</span>:xxx</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">this</span>.$router.forward() <span class="comment">//前进</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">this</span>.$router.back()  <span class="comment">//后退</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">this</span>.$router.go(<span class="number">3</span>)  <span class="comment">//可前进也可后退</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


<h3 id="11-缓存路由组件"><a href="#11-缓存路由组件" class="headerlink" title="11_缓存路由组件"></a>11_缓存路由组件</h3><p>1、作用：让不展示的路由组件保持挂载，不被销毁</p>
<p>2、具体编码：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&lt;keep-alive&gt;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="xml"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">router-view</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">router-view</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line">&lt;/keep-alive&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


<h3 id="12-两个新的生命周期钩子"><a href="#12-两个新的生命周期钩子" class="headerlink" title="12_两个新的生命周期钩子"></a>12_两个新的生命周期钩子</h3><p>1、作用：路由组件所独有的两个钩子，用于捕获路由组件的激活状态</p>
<p>2、具体名字：</p>
<ul>
<li><code>activated</code> 路由组件被激活时触发</li>
<li><code>deactivated</code> 路由组件失活时触发</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="13-路由守卫"><a href="#13-路由守卫" class="headerlink" title="13_路由守卫"></a>13_路由守卫</h3><p>1、作用：对路由进行权限控制</p>
<p>2、分类：全局守卫、独享守卫、组件内守卫</p>
<p>3、全局守卫：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//全局前置守卫：初始化时执行，每次路由切换前执行</span></span><br><span class="line">router.beforeEach(<span class="function">(<span class="params">to,<span class="keyword">from</span>,next</span>)=&gt;</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span>(to.meta.isAuth)&#123; <span class="comment">//判断当前路由是否需要进行权限控制</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span>(<span class="built_in">localStorage</span>.getItem(<span class="string">&#x27;school&#x27;</span>) === <span class="string">&#x27;atguigu&#x27;</span>)&#123; <span class="comment">//权限控制的具体规则</span></span><br><span class="line">            next() <span class="comment">//放行</span></span><br><span class="line">        &#125;<span class="keyword">else</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            alert(<span class="string">&#x27;暂无权限查看&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;<span class="keyword">else</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        next() <span class="comment">//放行</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//全局后置守卫：初始化时执行、每次路由切换后执行</span></span><br><span class="line">router.afterEach(<span class="function">(<span class="params">to,<span class="keyword">from</span></span>)=&gt;</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span>(to.meta.title)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">document</span>.title = to.meta.title</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;<span class="keyword">else</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">document</span>.title = <span class="string">&#x27;vue_test&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>4、独享守卫（在相应组件对应的路由规则里面进行配置）：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="title">beforeEnter</span>(<span class="params">to,<span class="keyword">from</span>,next</span>)</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span>(to.meta.isAuth)&#123; <span class="comment">//判断当前路由是否需要进行权限控制</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span>(<span class="built_in">localStorage</span>.getItem(<span class="string">&#x27;school&#x27;</span>) === <span class="string">&#x27;atguigu&#x27;</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            next()</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;<span class="keyword">else</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            alert(<span class="string">&#x27;暂无权限查看&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;<span class="keyword">else</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        next()</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>5、组件内守卫：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//进入守卫：通过路由规则，进入该组件时被调用</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="title">beforeRouteEnter</span>(<span class="params">to, <span class="keyword">from</span>, next</span>)</span>&#123;&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//离开守卫：通过路由规则，离开该组件时被调用</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="title">beforeRouterLeave</span>(<span class="params">to, <span class="keyword">from</span> ,next</span>)</span>&#123;&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h3 id="14-路由器的两种工作模式"><a href="#14-路由器的两种工作模式" class="headerlink" title="14_路由器的两种工作模式"></a>14_路由器的两种工作模式</h3><p>1、对于一个url来说，什么是hash值？————#及其后面的内容就是hash值</p>
<p>2、hash值不会包含在Http请求中，即：hash值不会带给服务器</p>
<p>3、hash模式：</p>
<ul>
<li>地址中永远带着#号，不美观</li>
<li>若以后将地址通过第三方手机app分享，若app校验严格，则地址会被标记为不合法</li>
<li>兼容性较好</li>
</ul>
<p>4、history模式：</p>
<ul>
<li>地址干净，美观</li>
<li>兼容性和hash模式相比略差</li>
<li>应用部署上线时需要后端人员支持，解决刷新页面服务端404的问题</li>
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